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Journal Martial Arts Energies in Practice

A record of a users' progress or achievements in their particular practice.

HoldAll

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I've decided to start this journal because I don't want to hijack @Audiolog Edu's martial arts thread with my musings and old stories; in the beginning it will be just that but I expect I will find out more about those energies (real or imagined) as I write. In particular, I don't buy all of the chi/ki models and narratives floating out there but maybe I will be able to identify something new apart from all those chakra and meridian explanations. We'll see. I'll start with ki in Shotokan karate because that's what I know best, perhaps followed by an investigation of axé in capoeira but that's a subject even less talked about in that beautiful Brazilian fighting/dancing art.
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Kiai and kime

Like I already mentioned before in that other thread, ki is not normally discussed in mainstream competition karate, and if you do bring it up, people will give you quizzical looks and then dismiss you as a NewAge crank. The main reason is probably that it's a hard, brute-force style with hardly any room for subtleties; another one may be this zen-inspired method of teaching where you let students make their own experiences instead of trying to micro-manage them, so if they sense ki, good, if not, ok, but mostly it's psychological stuff they will encounter in the course of their karate, fear, lack of motivation, any past traumas that may come up in certain situations, etc.

These psychological factors also play a big part in how karatekas perform a
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('battle cry'), a word encapsulating that very mysterious ki force practitioners hardly ever talk about. Students are usually told that the purpose of this short sharp shout is to intimidate one's opponent, sometimes also that it's designed to unleash the full force of their technique, but that's about the extent of it - there's never ever any mention of occult energies. Katas ('forms') typically include two kiais, and if you omit one or both in competition, you'll lose or get disqualified. In point-fighting (jiyu kumite) matches, competitors won't be awarded points unless their scoring techniques are accompanied by a kiai.

A beginner's kiai is usually very stifled as if they were choking on their own aggression. You can almost hear their moms telling them to stop hollering and being noisy; add to this the social taboo of violence, and you get the typical kinesic inhibitions of a white belt, the cramped slow movements that are a sign of excessive tension. This is a psychological explanation, of course, but esoterically speaking, you could probably claim that they are afraid to project their ki outside their and keep it surpressed within instead. In the normal course of events, it will typically take years until fledgeling karatekas finally learn to let go and really scream from deep down their belly (hara). Another consideration is that a punch or kick to the mid-section by a countering opponent won't do much damage while you exhale (when shouting, for example) but can be devastating while you're inhaling.

I once witnessed a former coach of mine berate a highly talented young point-fighter (who was later successful at an international level) for his unconvincing kiai, so our coach said he would show him how it was done. The youngster dutifully went into kamae (informal fighting stance with hands raised in a guard), and suddenly the coach let fly, without physically attacking the guy, just roaring explosively… the younger man was literally pinned to the wall by his scream, visibly scared to death by that animal scream. Were there any occult energies involved? I doubt it BUT: Do you have any idea how many decades of diligent practice it takes to develop such a powerful fighting scream? It's not just the volume or the pitch, it's also the texture, the subjective feeling you get when you're on the receiving end of a good kiai. Perhaps wizards could profit from primal scream therapy, that would be novel idea 😉

The takeaway for occultists here may be that energies arising within the body may be weakened by factors that aren't discussed much in books and are not so readily apparent. Maybe your LBRP doesn't do much for you because you secretly feel like a dork for painting wonky pentagrams in the air? And why do you secretly feel like a dork? Because of social inhibitions - there's nobody else in the room but you're still judging yourself according other people's standards and are embarrassed by what you do. A reasonable person doesn't paint pentagrams in the air, a good girl or boy doesn't scream her/his head off. Inhibitions may be just as harmful to a pratising occultist. Something like that.
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Another expression which has ki in it is
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, a word that's very hard to translate; every karateka knows what kime is but will have a hard time to explain it to outsiders. Wiki has "power and/or focus" - yes and yes, but it's more than that. It's fierce determination as if the karateka was ready to kill - @IllusiveOwl mentioned ikken hissatsu ("to kill with a single blow") in the martial arts thread, and that's what kime is all about. You perform even the simplest technique as if it was your last, even after scores of repetitions when practising in the dojo.

In karate point-fighting competitions your kime shows that you really mean it and don't intend play around, no matter what funny hopping about and creative feinting goes on before you attack, despite your opponent always relying on the fact that you'll pull your kicks and punches to the head anyway as per the rules. Kime is also important in kata competitions because a kata (form) can be seen as the story of a fight, and any story will of course sound boring if it's not told sufficiently dramatically, with the kiai always marking a sort of climax in your tale.

In regular karate classes, kime is an expression of your personal fighting spirit. You may stomp in an uncomfortably low stance up and down the dojo like a spastic robot as a beginner, performing the same old punch to the mid-section over and over again but you also practice your kime when doing it. You focus on your techniques as intensely as you can even without a physical opponent being prest and strive to unequivally show the world that you aren't to be trifled with, that you will defend yourself no matter what and that you're prepared to take on one or even more stronger opponents, no matter the cost. Personally, I think passion is the keys here, raw but controlled strong emotion. No kime for cold fish, and I suspect no ki either.

I wonder if there is such a thing as 'hard' ki as opposed to 'soft' ki as in in taiji or neikung, a sort of yin/yang polarity, but I don't think so. For such a polarity to exist, two equally strong and intense forces would be required which is simply not the case here - 'hard' ki and 'soft' ki are on two seperate planes, so to speak; they're two completely differrent things. After all, videos in which a ridiculously over-confident qi gong master or a so-called 'no touch' martial arts expert is pathetically unable to withstand the aggressive onslaught of a real fighter are all over youtube. You can't become an invincible street-fighting badass by simply accumulating enough 'soft' ki through soft martial arts but you can get pretty far by filling your hara with 'hard' ki while cultivating your kime, your own personal fighting spirit.
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Damn, how do I deactivate the automerge function here? I planned to make individual entries, not let my first post slowly get longer and longer!
 
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Amur

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Another interesting aspect of the Voice is throat singing or khoomei, you can literally travel astrally with sound alone. It's interesting and I suggest that you test around with throat singing, it's an amazing experience once you succeed.
 

HoldAll

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Tameshiwari (= breaking stuff)

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('breaking test') is intended as a demonstration of physical power, correct technique and spirit, not as a show-off feat to wow audiences with. It's also part of competitions and grading exams in taekwondo and kyokushin karate but not in any mainstream karate styles I know of where it's rather seen as some cheesy movie stunt out of Seventies easterns. This is a field in which I can only relate what I've personally seen, heard or read, having no practical personal experience in the matter myself and never having broken a brick or a board with my bare hands in my life.

Basic Prerequisites

At a very basic level you have to be very fit and strong, a no-brainer. When you work out enough your bone density will slowly increase, esp. as a result of lifting weights - I've heard that champion weightlifters have more than double the bone density of a regular person. I'm totally unable to believe that any kind of ki can overcome the limitations posed by a weak, frail body. A weak bone will snap when sufficient force is exerted on it, period.

Advanced Prerequisites

In old movies you can sometimes see a guy punching another one squarely on the jaw and subsequently sucking his own knuckles in pain which is not just for dramatic effect - hitting any hard object with your bare fists hurts. Boxing gloves, for example, were not introduced in order to soften blows but to protect fighters' hands. The most common device for traditional conditioning is the
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or striking post:

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(I know the video's quality is atrocious but I wanted to post it because I took part in workshops with
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several times)

Makiwara training in mainstream karate is a bit like Franz Bardon's IIH - everybody recommends it, hardly anybody ever practises it. Point-fighters actually hate it because they are afraid it will slow their techniques permanently, old guys are scared of arthrosis, the rest doesn't care enough; it's very different in traditional Okinawan styles though. The lore used to be that by hitting hard surfaces, micro-fissure will develop in the knuckle bones, and while one recovers, they will heal and and create a tougher bone structure. Or so the story goes (which may have been debunked since I first heard it, no idea).

Materials

A freshly sawed, still springy and reasonably thick board would be next to impossible to break. Rumour has it that TKD guys therefore put their boards into the oven the night before a breaking test so they'll be bone dry (there are also collapsible and reusable plastic boards available that will fold along the middle when hit, probably for beginner grading purposes). A similar principle applies to bricks and roofing tiles - I once witnessed a breaking test in another dojo, and when we collected the leftover tiles, we realised that they were so ancient that they practically crumbled in our hands.

One of the most spectacular breaking tests I've ever watched live was when this guy positioned himself in front of a stack of sleeper-sized blocks of ice that reached up to his chest, poured some lighter fluid over them, set them on fire and then proceeded to chop them in two with a single blow. Such feats can only be accomplished when using the so-called 'pegged' method where wooden spacers are placed between the ice blocks to ensure a 'cascade' effect where one block effectively breaks the other until all are in pieces - after all, you can't chop through a whole metre of solid ice, no way.

Technique

No matter if you use your fist, an open palm, sword hand (shuto uchi, the fabled 'judo chop'), elbow, knee or foot (kyokushin karateka like to break baseball bats with their bare shins, don't ask me how), your technique must be strong and flawless. Your fist or whatever has to impact the object at an exact right angle, otherwise it will just glance off in a sort of ricochet effect.

So what about shaolin monks breaking iron bars with their foreheads? Any funny ki or chi business going on here? Weeell… first of all one mustn't forget that those 'monks' (usually top students from the mega kungfu schools surrounding the original monastery) are superbly trained hard-style fighters and don't just practise qi gong, neikung or whatever all day long. You will need really strong neck muscles to pull off such a stunt because if your head moves backwards even an inch you'll probably knock yourself out. Then we have the usual objection that iron is brittle after all as well as perhaps some surprising facts about skull anatomy (there's probably some Science Buster episode about it), followed by speculations about possible psychosomatic desensitisation effects or whatever.

However, I do believe that the mysterious ki force is in fact involved here. I don't think it's possible to perform a breaking test correctly without entering some kind of flow state of consciousness or 'zone' where all fear of injury is suspended and in which you are absolutely convinced that you'll succeed in your endeavour; you can get an inkling of this state when you perform a kata gracefully and with powerful kime (I now could wax profusely about mushin (no-mind) or mystic zen-style concentration but that's beside the point). I don't think tameshiwari works according to this simplistic occult 'circuit board' model where energy is directed along this meridian, then up that channel and finally into a single point or specific chakra. The kind of martial arts 'hard' ki I'm writing about in this Journal is more a force that suffuses the entire body as well as one's consciousness like an aura, and the only way of acquiring it is by actual hard martial arts practice, sorry, soft-style guys.

I must say that I'm not happy with the way energy is frequently talked about in occult circles or books in general. I think the way energy is raised also determines for what purposes it can be harnessed; it's not a neutral force like electricity that can be produced in any old way and then used for powering every contraption under the sun. Perhaps hard-style martial arts energy can be used for other purposes as well, for example for healing or magic. In my mind though, what hasn't been hitherto sufficiently paid attention to is the exact way such a transformation - and I regard alchemy as only an inadequate and much too vague metaphor in this respect - is to be accomplished. Oh well… I guess this is a subject for another post or a different thread entirely.
 

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Funny Moves

In old kungfu movies (and probably also in new ones, no idea) you often get this stereotypical fight opening scene where two guys would square off, retreat and then proceed to make some mysterious gestures with their hands accompanied by showy breathing (or caterwauling in the case of Bruce Lee). Sometimes these funny moves are also supposed to indicate that the fighter in question is an expert of dreaded kung fu style X (and if he's got any sense, he'll use style Y or something entirely different in order to avoid being utterly transparent and predictable). Are there some mysterious energies involved?

Apart from a potential psychological effect on a superstitious opponent, I would consider these movements a sort of emergency limbering-up where internal martial arts like neigung may be involved in order to raise the heart rate and warm up the muscles. However, I sincerely doubt that they are capable of endowing fighters with any occult abilities like invulnerability or superhuman strength. Those astounding breaking skills mentioned in my previous posts don't translate well into real fights, be it on mat, in the ring or in the streets. You won't have the leisure to properly prepare, and any belated attempt of inducing zen-like calm and serenity in your mind will be instantly interrupted by the first flurry of attacks (or you're like Neo and have all the time in the world to respond in bullet time).

Waving your hands about while making funny noises can get you disqualified for exaggerated behaviour in a karate point-fighting match while in professional MMA fights they would only earn you a jaded tired eye from the referee (and vicious ridicule from the press in case you lose despite your esoteric theatrics). There used to be this young UFC fighter, I forget his name now, a fanatical yoga freak who before his fights would always slowly and solemnly describe a huge circle with his hands in front of himself during his fight introduction - which didn't prevent him from getting badly creamed in his last few bouts.

One truly surreal thing once happened to me one night when I drove up to a petrol station and found the sliding glass doors locked. Probably the owner had remote-locked it waiting for the cops because there seemed an altercation going on inside. There was some pushing and shoving between two guys but before fists could fly, one of them (and I swear) slowly got into this stance:

osakasochin.gif


Every karate technique looks much better when you have your gi (= those white jammies) on but the the guy looked positively menacing. Note that the first move in sochin kata is performed slowly, with the entire body tense and your breathing forceful and audible; it can be pretty impressive, and the guy was no slouch. It may look as funny to the untrained eye as the two kungfu movie guys miming their assorted animal styles but in movies those Chinese actors always perform their antics at a safe distance to each other, while petrol station fighter guy stepped forward into the range of his opponent, just like in the kata; the other guy, the aggressor, suddenly looked clueless and unsure how to react ("why doesn't this bloke put up his dukes and slug it out like a man?"). I don't know what happened next - the cops arrived and there was nothing more to see, so I drove home.

This is sochin in all its glory; better skip the preliminaries and go forward to 0:35 when the actual kata starts:

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So those 'funny moves' actually do serve a purpose, namely to get you literally pumped, and I think its with 'hard' ki, adrenaline and strangely impersonal aggression. I don't really believe that this type of fighting ki can be produced by internal martial arts styles, it feels like an completely different kind of energy.

After winning the karate world championship in 1977, Masatoshi Tanaka wrote a karate book in which he mentions that he always tried to seize his opponent with his eyes (he did have an extremely penetrating gaze when I saw him first, like some 17th century samurai). Add 'hard' ki as a special sauce, and it's difficult not to become a trembling deer in the headlights when facing such a guy.
 

HoldAll

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I have been wondering whether one could practice hard ki breathing outside martial arts, and the nearest approximation I have been able to come up with is the Fire Breath (agni pran) from
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. I've only ever been to a kundalini yoga class once - it was a very long time ago so the only thing I can remember is that we were sitting on the ground with our legs and arms held high in the air (it sometimes felt like a Pilates class, very demanding on the abs), desperately trying to maintain our balance while rapidly breathing in and out through our noses; politely put, it was very, err, cleansing (= it was a hot summer's afternoon, we were sweating like pigs and had snot running down all over our faces). I don't know if anybody got hyperventilation, maybe the risk isn't so great if you inhale and exhale through your nostrils only.

Breath of fire (agni pran in Sanskrit) is a unique breathing exercise in kundalini yoga that involves forcing air quickly out of the lungs using the diaphragm—the dominant respiratory muscle near the lower ribs and intercostal muscle. While yogic breathwork exercises typically focus on lengthy deep breathing to promote relaxation, the breath of fire technique aims to energize and excite. Breath of fire is attributed to the work of Yogi Bhajan, who brought the Kundalini yoga practice to North America in the 1960s. (
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)

Although employing vigorous breathing, kundalini yoga doesn't quite produce the hard martial arts ki that is the subject of this Journal so I'll instead describe a very easy exercise I learned at a very sports-oriented dojo where ki or hara were never even mentioned. The instructor there often had us perform it when we were completely exhausted near the end of a class, and it always felt energizing and refreshing. I think we only ever repeated these up-and-down movements about ten times before stomping up and down the dojo again, literally on our last legs, so I don't know if there's any threshold beyond which the exercise will become ineffective or even leads to unpleasant phenomena like side stitches:
  • Stand in a firm upright posture, feet about a shoulder's width apart, holding your outstretched arms loosely in front of your body, with the tips of your fingers pointing downwards.
  • Now slowly bring up your open hands in front of your body as if lifting a ball, noe with the open palms facing up parallel to the ground but not touch touching. Inhale through the nose forcefully while gradually tensing up all the muscles in your body, fill every nook of your lungs with air.
  • Continue lifting your hands until they reach chest height; pause your movement and your breath for a while, then bring your hands slowly down again, palms facing downwards like pushing a ball under water, this the time exhaling through your mouth equally forcefully and deep down into your lower abdomen, squeezing every cubic inch of air out of your lungs while gradually relaxing the tension in your muscles.
  • Pause your breath again for a while and then continue with the next upward movement of your hands while inhaling again.
  • Repeat until feeling alert, pumped and filled to the brim with energy. Don't pass out (lol, just kidding).
Not knowing what the exercise was called exacty, this is the best picture I've been able to find:

WhatsApp-Image-2024-06-27-at-20.22.24.jpeg


The posture and the arm position should look like this - however, your palms should be turned up when inhaling and raising your hands and turned down when exhaling and lowering them; the hand position shown in the photo would thus mark the transitionary stage shortly before beginning to pause and then starting to exhale again. Years later a yoga guy told me that inhaling through the nose activated the brain while exhaling the mouth activated the hara. It does feel like balancing one's energy centres so there may be something in it.

To give you an idea of the type of forceful breathing involved, here are two instructors verifying the correct execution of sanchin kata - note that you have tense up really tightly and briefly exhale whenever you're hit, otherwise even those light blows and slaps will hurt:

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Or here:

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HoldAll

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Apart from the guy being hurled through the air, this is a fair portrayal of a typical Shotokan karate class (minus the in-house blues band, of course ;))

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(katas practised: Bassai Dai, Nijushiho, Jion)
 

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I've decided to start this journal because I don't want to hijack @Audiolog Edu's martial arts thread with my musings and old stories; in the beginning it will be just that but I expect I will find out more about those energies (real or imagined) as I write. In particular, I don't buy all of the chi/ki models and narratives floating out there but maybe I will be able to identify something new apart from all those chakra and meridian explanations. We'll see. I'll start with ki in Shotokan karate because that's what I know best, perhaps followed by an investigation of axé in capoeira but that's a subject even less talked about in that beautiful Brazilian fighting/dancing art.
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Kiai and kime

Like I already mentioned before in that other thread, ki is not normally discussed in mainstream competition karate, and if you do bring it up, people will give you quizzical looks and then dismiss you as a NewAge crank. The main reason is probably that it's a hard, brute-force style with hardly any room for subtleties; another one may be this zen-inspired method of teaching where you let students make their own experiences instead of trying to micro-manage them, so if they sense ki, good, if not, ok, but mostly it's psychological stuff they will encounter in the course of their karate, fear, lack of motivation, any past traumas that may come up in certain situations, etc.

These psychological factors also play a big part in how karatekas perform a
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('battle cry'), a word encapsulating that very mysterious ki force practitioners hardly ever talk about. Students are usually told that the purpose of this short sharp shout is to intimidate one's opponent, sometimes also that it's designed to unleash the full force of their technique, but that's about the extent of it - there's never ever any mention of occult energies. Katas ('forms') typically include two kiais, and if you omit one or both in competition, you'll lose or get disqualified. In point-fighting (jiyu kumite) matches, competitors won't be awarded points unless their scoring techniques are accompanied by a kiai.

A beginner's kiai is usually very stifled as if they were choking on their own aggression. You can almost hear their moms telling them to stop hollering and being noisy; add to this the social taboo of violence, and you get the typical kinesic inhibitions of a white belt, the cramped slow movements that are a sign of excessive tension. This is a psychological explanation, of course, but esoterically speaking, you could probably claim that they are afraid to project their ki outside their and keep it surpressed within instead. In the normal course of events, it will typically take years until fledgeling karatekas finally learn to let go and really scream from deep down their belly (hara). Another consideration is that a punch or kick to the mid-section by a countering opponent won't do much damage while you exhale (when shouting, for example) but can be devastating while you're inhaling.

I once witnessed a former coach of mine berate a highly talented young point-fighter (who was later successful at an international level) for his unconvincing kiai, so our coach said he would show him how it was done. The youngster dutifully went into kamae (informal fighting stance with hands raised in a guard), and suddenly the coach let fly, without physically attacking the guy, just roaring explosively… the younger man was literally pinned to the wall by his scream, visibly scared to death by that animal scream. Were there any occult energies involved? I doubt it BUT: Do you have any idea how many decades of diligent practice it takes to develop such a powerful fighting scream? It's not just the volume or the pitch, it's also the texture, the subjective feeling you get when you're on the receiving end of a good kiai. Perhaps wizards could profit from primal scream therapy, that would be novel idea 😉

The takeaway for occultists here may be that energies arising within the body may be weakened by factors that aren't discussed much in books and are not so readily apparent. Maybe your LBRP doesn't do much for you because you secretly feel like a dork for painting wonky pentagrams in the air? And why do you secretly feel like a dork? Because of social inhibitions - there's nobody else in the room but you're still judging yourself according other people's standards and are embarrassed by what you do. A reasonable person doesn't paint pentagrams in the air, a good girl or boy doesn't scream her/his head off. Inhibitions may be just as harmful to a pratising occultist. Something like that.
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Another expression which has ki in it is
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, a word that's very hard to translate; every karateka knows what kime is but will have a hard time to explain it to outsiders. Wiki has "power and/or focus" - yes and yes, but it's more than that. It's fierce determination as if the karateka was ready to kill - @IllusiveOwl mentioned ikken hissatsu ("to kill with a single blow") in the martial arts thread, and that's what kime is all about. You perform even the simplest technique as if it was your last, even after scores of repetitions when practising in the dojo.

In karate point-fighting competitions your kime shows that you really mean it and don't intend play around, no matter what funny hopping about and creative feinting goes on before you attack, despite your opponent always relying on the fact that you'll pull your kicks and punches to the head anyway as per the rules. Kime is also important in kata competitions because a kata (form) can be seen as the story of a fight, and any story will of course sound boring if it's not told sufficiently dramatically, with the kiai always marking a sort of climax in your tale.

In regular karate classes, kime is an expression of your personal fighting spirit. You may stomp in an uncomfortably low stance up and down the dojo like a spastic robot as a beginner, performing the same old punch to the mid-section over and over again but you also practice your kime when doing it. You focus on your techniques as intensely as you can even without a physical opponent being prest and strive to unequivally show the world that you aren't to be trifled with, that you will defend yourself no matter what and that you're prepared to take on one or even more stronger opponents, no matter the cost. Personally, I think passion is the keys here, raw but controlled strong emotion. No kime for cold fish, and I suspect no ki either.

I wonder if there is such a thing as 'hard' ki as opposed to 'soft' ki as in in taiji or neikung, a sort of yin/yang polarity, but I don't think so. For such a polarity to exist, two equally strong and intense forces would be required which is simply not the case here - 'hard' ki and 'soft' ki are on two seperate planes, so to speak; they're two completely differrent things. After all, videos in which a ridiculously over-confident qi gong master or a so-called 'no touch' martial arts expert is pathetically unable to withstand the aggressive onslaught of a real fighter are all over youtube. You can't become an invincible street-fighting badass by simply accumulating enough 'soft' ki through soft martial arts but you can get pretty far by filling your hara with 'hard' ki while cultivating your kime, your own personal fighting spirit.
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Damn, how do I deactivate the automerge function here? I planned to make individual entries, not let my first post slowly get longer and longer!
Hats off to the Shotokan Tiger! One of the Oldest, Cleanest, Purest of the Japanese / Okinawan styles in my understanding!
I've known some Shotokan fighters in the past, I have high regard for it too! My experience is mostly with Chinese / American Kenpo through
Ed Parker, and the Tracy brothers. I will say this though, I don't differentiate the Martial Arts from Magic, it's Not just the Style, but the Practitioner
that will prove the effectiveness of any system! And... Some Martial Arts Masters are "no longer" just Human? (pertaining to a certain Tai Chi Master) visiting a Shotokan dojo as a guest Instructor in Japan. This story from a 6th degree Shotokan Black Belt in the book "Karate: Moving Zen" published back in the 1960's. One could do far worse than choosing Shotokan!
 

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Capoeira

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is a term that comes originally from the Yoruba religion where it denotes a sort of natural power or force but includes personal energy as well, a much broader concept than capoeira axé that simply stands for 'positive energy'. In actual practice, capoeira axé could be equated with pure unalloyed joy. That's it, and there's nothing mysterious about it. After a class, we would often ride the subway together, eyes bright, everybody talking a mile a minute, and the other passengers would look at us as if we were on speed or something. You could call it the effects of a dopamine rush that is a common result of any kind of vigorous physical activity like e.g. dancing or playing soccer, but I would argue that actively participating in a roda, that bubbling cauldron of capoeiristas singing, clapping and playing music, produces a very special high unaided by booze or drugs.

In 2014, about five years after I had begun practising, the roda de capoeira was granted a special protected status as
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. As with every sport, it will invariably take years of toil and gallons of sweat spent in endless hours of practice until one's techniques looks effortless and stylish. So what exactly is capoeira? A
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describes it best:

Capoeira é luta é dança, Capoeira é arte é magia
(Capoeira is fighting and dancing, capoeira is art and magic)

And make no mistake, capoeira is a fighting art as well, not just a dance. When not sufficiently controlled, some of those kicks can and will knock you out. The roundhouse kick (martelo or 'hammer', mawashi geri in karate), for example, is pretty much universal across all striking martial arts featuring kicks, and just look at what can happen when performed with
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. Over the years, however, the most devastating technique proved to be the meia-lua de compasso ('compass crescent', also called rabo de arraia or 'stingray tail' by angoleros); it has already given rise to several knockouts in MMA where sports commentators will usually call it 'wheel kick'. In our capoeira grupo, we've had concussions, gashes on the forehead as well as broken noses over the years, something that almost never happens during karate classes (ok, we'd always wear light gloves when sparring nowadays, so head injuries due to punches are rare). Where capoeira shines, in my opinion, is the evading and disguising of attacks by ducking, feinting, trickery, guile and sometimes even malicia ('malice'), considered something of a virtue provided it's accompanied by a disarming open smile but sometimes also resulting in all-out brawls in street rodas whenever rivalling grupos will come together (= in Brazil, I never saw it with my own eyes).

I've deliberately chosen this raw footage instead of a highlight reel with flashy cuts to show what a real roda looks like, so you'll see very few acrobatics, a couple of takedowns interrupting the game's flow, some playing ideas not really jelling, and games played with varying levels of expertise and aggressiveness:

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So what about that mysterious axé energy? I would say that in this context, the word 'energy' can be easily misleading, similar as in many occult subjects. It may be just me but I think we're much too used to thinking of occult energy in the same way as we would of electric energy, for example, as a finite resource whose sole purpose is to be used and utilized, e.g. for charging chaos magic sigls, as a measure of personal power that is laboriously produced, spent fast and then again must be replenished as soon as possible, and more is always better, so grab as much as you can. Does energy always need to 'harnessed' (= exploited) for spiritual purposes instead of simply being enjoyed and celebrated for its own sake? In the case of axé, I would rather describe it as a force arising from, and prevailing in, an altered state of consciousness (what is usually called 'gnosis' in chaos magic) akin to ecstasy, or even as pure ecstasy itself. Can ecstasy not be seen as an end in itself, in this instance as an exhilarating group phenomenon like in the ancient Graeco-Roman mystery cults, communal Hasidic prayer or American Native Sun Dances?
 

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I think it's really a shame how some singers who don't know what to do with their hands during concerts will use a pandeiro in place of a tambourine as a mere stage prop because there are so many things you can do with it…

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Kime Redux

I think I had better ditch the 'soft' ki vs. 'hard' ki dichotomy because purely superficially, 'hard' ki is nothing but brawn, raw muscle power, speed, all quantifiable and measurable by means of scientific instruments whereas 'soft' ki has no such mundane dimension. There simply is no genuine polarity between these two forces, and I don't know enough about internal martial arts to expound in this regard anyway, so I'll limit myself to discussing 'hard' ki here and write about its karate-specific expression as
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('fighting spirit') that I described in my first post here. You can't feign kime. Puff up your chest all you want and strut around like a belligerent pouter pigeon on meth, and any experienced karateka will immediately know that you're a pathetic fraud, at the latest when the first blows are thrown and you, the fake kime guy, starts frantically flailing about in stark terror.

Practising
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('forms'), those ingenuous 'karate dances' as full-contact fighters sometimes disparagingly call them, is the royal road towards developing strong kime. A kata tells the choreographed story of a fight against multiple aggressors and always starts - without exception - with a defensive move. There is a whole science called
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that attempts to analyse and interpret single techniques as well as whole sequences of traditional katas for their practical self-defense application (which pursuit can get pretty nitpicking and anal in advanced classes). In modern kata team competition, three karatekas will first perform a traditional kata and subsequently demonstrate their own bunkai ideas - which may look a bit like stilted kungfu movie fighting but it's always fun to watch when performed with strong kime:

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Kata practice can also be described as moving zen meditation but with a twist, and that twist is kime. So let's start with taikyoku shodan, the most basic kata every shotokan beginner learns first. Its initial move is a downward block (gedan barai), executed while turning left and stepping into a long forward stance (zenkutsu dachi).

When beginning a kata, newbies will typically elevate their center of gravity first to the point of almost standing on their toes, take a dramatic deep breath and then sort of topple headlong and helplessly to their left into a wobbly stance. Wrong wrong wrong. They're not only betraying their intent, they also display mental discomfiture (as well as bad technique and a lack of kime but that goes without saying). It's clear for everybody to see that they are desperately trying to psych themselves up for something, and it's precisely this psyching-up that runs counter to the spirit of both karate and zen. The first block in katas (the one starting with a fast move, that is) should always be executed explosively and decisively without hesitation, like a blinding lighting bolt striking from a cloudless sky. It shouldn't matter whether while performing the initial movement in taikyoku shodan kata you're imagening blocking a punch or kick, or swatting away a hand holding a knife, a thermic lance, a samurai sword, a caveman's flint-tipped spear, or an extraterrestrial's ray gun - or rather it's best not to imagine anything at all, cultivating a completely blank mind. You're signalling to your opponents as well as to all the world to see that you refuse to be cowed or browbeaten by anyone, that you're not only determined to defend yourself but what's more, that you will give as good as you get, and then some. And that's kime.

In this hyper-lucid state of mind that is kime, all conceptual thinking vanishes completely; it's not a blind berserk rage though. It's hard to explain. Brutality, sadism, or cruelty do not come into it. After all, you are entirely alone when performing katas on your own, you're not actively harbouring any ill feelings against someone present while doing them. It's impersonal aggression without hate, an ice-cold and almost abstract fury, steel-edged pure will.

How does this martial energy translate into real life? Long-time karatekas will frequently sing the praises of their martial art, claiming that it helped them in their professional lives, get more self-assured, dynamic and calm, or generally become the successful persons they are today. However, I think the main benefit of practising karate is much narrower - it's kime, the ability to make bold decisions unhesitatingly and without flinching, to overcome any resistance lighting-fast. Which has its downsides of course (and I'll probably write a seperate post about it) but if it's about cutting through bullshit quickly and blasting away obstacles blocking your path, pure unadulterated kime energy is your friend.

Self-transformation is a perennial topic in occult forums and subreddits; people will frequently ask how to acquire this or that character trait or transform their weaknesses into strengths. Well, practising karate could be one way. I think everybody carries the seeds of this fierce kime energy in them, they just have to be purified and developed. Everybody starts out differently. Many beginners are so obviously repressed it is heartbreaking when you watch them stalk stiffly up and down the dojo, mouth clenched tightly shut, shoulders tense and raised almost up to their ears, punches curiously ineffective as if an invisible hand (their mum's?) was restraining their arms. When you meet up with them after class for a beer, however, they'd appear well-adjusted, funny, intelligent, each of them very capable in their profession or trade but the truth will always come out whenever they're asked to demonstrate their kime, and this is one of the occasions where your body won't be able to lie and invariably reveal your weak spots in an instant. Kime is not false bravado, quite the opposite.

I think that's it. Kime is a very specific type of personal power that's not interchangable with other kinds of martial arts energy, least of all 'soft' ki generated by taiji and qi gong. Used offensively, it's about ending fights quickly (
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) instead of slowly grinding down your opponent as in boxing or muay thai. Kime can't be faked but has to be earned - and that's so exciting thing karate.
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Crap, the last sentence should read: "Kime can't be faked but has to be earned - and that's what's so exciting about karate". No
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(alert awareness) anymore at this time of the night, I think I should do a post about this essential martial arts concept one of these days.
 
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Capoeira Angola

To to this day I have no clue what it is exactly about capoeira angola energy. Movements are slow, at times agonisingly so, to music and songs that can sound like
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. The way its ginga, the basic capoeira step, is performed reminds one a bit of drunken master kungfu, only in this case, the master is stoned out of his gourd on weed but don't let that fool you - for capoeira angola you need tremendous upper body strength because you move so sluggishly that there's hardly any momentum to aid your movements. In angola classes, for example, we would often practise this move during warm-up, 20 x right, 20 x left:

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My arms would be like jelly afterwards (the queda de rins was also practised as part of 'regular' capoeira in my own group but never that religiously).

Capoeira angola is roughly what all capoeira looked like until the 1930ies when Mestre Bimba developed capoeira regional (nowadays referred to as 'capoeira contemporânea') into a much faster and aggressive fighting art, somehow mirroring Gichin Funakoshi who modernised and codified traditional Okinawan karate at roughly the same time in history. Capoeira angola, however, is much deeper rooted in Afro-Brazilian spirituality like Candomblé or Umbanda; my Brazilian angola contra-mestre, for example, refused to sing certain songs or use specific drumbeats sacred to his patron orisha because it was such an intimate subject for him.

Angola games are very subtle. I think you have to practice it to really appreciate it, and not even all 'regular' capoeiristas like it although both kinds of capoeira share many techniques, songs, and customs. It's like very laid-back, impromptu poetry in motion, full of quiet jokes, playful provocations, strange mannerism, lots of feints and trickery, and if you play with an expert, you'll have all the time in the world to watch yourself getting duped while being absolutely helpless to do anything about it.

I only ever attended a single workshop with Brazilian Mestra Gegê but the roda at the end looked very much like this one (actual playing starts at 0:35, Mestra Gegê is the one in the dark blue pants):

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Note the head butt (cabesada) at 3:20 which is perfectly legal (but devastating in self-defense!) and a very popular technique in both types of capoeira. Here we again have the infamous wheel kick (this time called rabo de arraia) again but this time in slo-mo.

In contrast to 'regular' capoeira where there is still something snappy and martial in the kicks of fast games, capoeira angola looks lazy and rag-doll loose. There's axé in this games but this time it's thicker, more vague, viscous and weirdly intoxicating; you'd probably need entheogens to recreate the effects this mysterious type of energy has on you. Angoleros never talk about the peculiar mystique of their art; it would probably spoil it anyway. You can feel yourself entering some sort of hypnotic trance as soon as classes start and you practice individual moves and sequences but come roda-time, you'll most likely worry about falling over when e.g. performing a handstand (bananeira), about looking like a clumsy oaf and losing the rhythm as a beginner to truly experience the flow and quiet mischievous humour of a good angola game.

I always get mad whenever armchair occultists pontificate about 'martial arts energy' as if it were some uniform power (prana, chi/ki, mana, vril, yada, yada, you name it) driving exotic meat puppets in strange outfits, without ever having set foot into a dojo, boxing gym, or capoeira academia themselves. It's fucking athletics, you fools, and that means sweat, panting ignominiously for lack of cardio, being sore for days, bruises, torn muscles, struggling with flagging motivation, renewed self-discipline as well as sacrificing a good chunk of your spare time. Hard martial arts energy doesn't come out of a wall socket and cannot be generated at will by piously practicing ten minutes of deep breathing every day; as already mentioned, it has to be earned. Be prepared that your self-image will grievously suffer in the beginning and that you'll discover some embarrassing weaknesses in yourself when first clashing with a more proficient opponent. Those dumb armchair theorists haven't a clue what they're babbling about. Each martial art carries a different flavour that can be enjoyed but cannot 'harnessed' for just about any old purpose.
 

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Misapplied Kime - The Banzai Charge

Some time after Imperial Japan had entered WW2, its High Command became increasingly worried about its army's
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, those head-on human wave attacks where soldiers would run straight at American machine gun nests screaming Tennōheika Banzai! ("Long Live His Majesty the Emperor! [and damn Sun Tzu and his "Art of War" btw!]") because of the atrocious losses, so they banned those suicidal charges except in desperate situations that could have meant the unthinkable, i.e. surrender, so "Death before Dishonour!" and all that jazz.

When Gichin Funakoshi, the father of modern shotokan karate, brought his native Okinawan martial art to mainland Japan in the 1920ies and 1930ies, the country was already sliding into militaristic imperialism and would soon launch its war against China. Funakoshi, a mild-mannered schoolteacher and Confucianist, apparently saw nothing wrong in cosying up to the Imperial authorities and adapting karate to the nationalist fervour of the times, for example by changing the name of kūsankū kata (named after an 18th century Chinese martial artist and ambassador to Okinawa) to kanku (= jap. for "gazing at the sky" after its initial slow move"). His son Gigō took his patriotism even further and volunteered to teach army special forces karate, with his classes often resulting in serious injuries and even fatalities. After the war, the hyper-aggressive nature of shotokan karate was finalised by Masatoshi Nakayama who had been stationed in China as a military interpreter where he must have witnessed all sorts of atrocities the occupational Japanese forces where so infamous for.

I'm sorry to say that the military legacy of old Imperial Japan can still be felt in many dojos around the globe (probably except in Okinawa itself!). It's now seen as quaint in modern sports-oriented ones but can become very oppressive in traditionalist outfits, all that exaggerated bowing, snapping to attention and shouting of "Osss!" (which basically means "Sir, Yes, Sir!!!") as a rote reply to each and every of the sensei's utterances. Even more lamentable is the fact that this WW2 Banzai!! charge attitude still informs the kime of many zealous-but-green young karatekas who will think nothing of rushing headlong into certain defeat (because "Fight smart, not hard" is for sissies, right?).

In the Fifties, Sixties, and Early Seventies, karate point-fighting matches could have been held on narrow fencing strips instead of rectangular mats as competitors would often collide spectacularly like two steam locomotives on a straight single track; there was no exploitation of available space (something that capoira excels in!), no variation of distance, and hardly any feinting. Very macho, very wasteful, very dull, the same old Banzai!! charge mentality all over again.

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In subsequent years, however, sports kumite changed. Point-fighting became much looser, with the now firmly established continuous forward-backward shuffle making competitors a great deal more mobile, much to the chagrin of fusty traditionalists who will love nothing more than stressing the importance of static low stances (mostly because they'd be usually old and not that fleet on their feet anymore). What gives? After all, a moving target is harder to hit and a body in motion easier to accelerate. You get bobbing and weaving in boxing, and the ginga in capoeira, constant movement all the time. As one capoeira mestre once put it: "Standing still means death!". So here's the always mercurial kumite legend Rafael Aghayev from Azerbaijan (you can probably tell he's also a judo black belt):

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Enter Antonio Oliva Seba


The late Antonio was a retired agronomics professor from Spain and a karate pioneer in his country when the fighting art was still prohibited in the last years of the Franco dictatorship. He probably knew his Sun Tzu in and out, and I would even wager that he could have easily written the sequel to "The Art of War" if he had wanted to. He also he worked as a point-fighting tactics consultant for various national teams, and suddenly you'd have kumite competitors from countries like Macedonia or Latvia winning European Championships. I already knew him from his pointfighting tactics classes at various workshops, and when he offered a four-weekend kumite tactics course I immediately enlisted. It was a kind of a culture shock because I was still in that "Karate means to be always on the attack, no matter what!" mindset (which can also be described as "Have at him, hussah, ouch!"). Here is an example of his tactics wisdom:

"When facing a superior opponent, use the first third of the regulation fighting period for evasion without ever countering. Avoid his attacks without enganging, frustrate him because if he's an elite fighter, hell'll be used to quick and easy initial successes. Use the second third for countering but only if you're 100% you can score with a picture-perfect punch because the referee and the four corner judges will be prejudiced against you - he's a champion, you're a nobody, so they'll only award you a point if your technique is really convincing. It's too much to expect that his spirit will be broken by now but at the very least he'll start doubting his ability, so in the final third you should attack relentlessly, pressure pressure pressure, never let him regain his composure again, and score!!"

Pretty devious, huh? And also very clever. It's about as far from a Banzai!! charge as you can get. Antonio's tactics doctrines were about reining in one's kimé, using it intelligently and in a focussed manner, instead of running blindly into the enemy's hail of bullets. Kimé energy can easily make you over-confident, rash and impulsive.

The samurai, those brutal henchmen of an exploitative feudal system (sorry to bust anybody's sentimental heroic notions here), certainly had kimé in spades but they also made damn sure that their principal prey, the poor peasants, never developed it. A popular Japanese proverb says "The nail that sticks out gets hammered down" - in a democratic society, however, just about everyone is a protruding nail and proud of it, so a modern karateka's kimé willy be invariably tinged with the personality, quirks, flaws, and the self-expression of the individual using it, and that's just another reason why I believe that martial arts energy cannot be indiscriminately 'transmuted' into some all-purpose occult power. Hard martial arts energy is, well, Martian in nature, and any attempt to turn it e.g. into Venusian energy and use it for writing poems about daffodils or whatever is doomed to failure, in my opinion. And no more stupid robot Banzai!! charges, please.
 

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Axé & Music

I think it's significant that UNESCO made the capoeira circle, the roda, an
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but not capoeira itself. Its vibrant energy only emerges when actually played in the roda but not when just practised alone or in pairs, while kime can already be felt while clomping more or less elegantly up and down the dojo floor performing a simple punch, not only during kata practice or sparring. No capoeira instructor has ever demanded more axé from me in the course of pre-roda drills while karate senseis will often expressly demand more kime from their tired students sweating buckets whenever they observe that they execute their punches, kicks and blocks in a lackadaisical fashion.

It seems to me that capoeira's axé is not the kind of energy you can kindle within yourself on your own and lonesome; rather, it can only be raised by a group forming a capoeira playing circle. An approximate occult equivalent to the capoeira roda could be witches raising a cone of power in the woods - you simply need the other members of a grupo (or coven for that matter) to get the energy flowing. Additionally, music is required as an essential ingredient, and even if it's only a bunch of people clapping and singing. You can sometimes observe that any gaps in the circle left by capoeiristas joining a game, deciding to go quickly to the bathroom or relieving one of the musicians in the bateria (made up by other members of the circle as well) will be promptly filled by other members as if to prevent the roda's energy from escaping. Capoeira axé is a force that depends for its vitality on a shared performative experience, i.e. clapping, singing, music and playing in the circle.

You easily find the most exhilarating capoeira rodas including all sorts of spectacular acrobatics on youtube, so here's a video showing what a typical class looks like instead:
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[The singer is Carolina Soares btw, in case you'd like to hear more of her]


The axé energy of a capoeira circle stands and falls with its music. Its tempo and rhythm (toque) determine whether a game is played fast or slowly, and if only one of the musicians in the bateria fails to keep time, he or she will be immediately replaced by the roda boss, else the capoeira game played in the circle will inevitably suffer. The music is just as important as the athletics, or even more so - two beginners can play a haphazard game, for instance, but the atmosphere in the roda will still be exciting if the music carries just the right energy while even the most skilled capoeiristas will be unable to really shine when accompanied by listless clapping and singing. In such a case, the roda boss, an instructor or mestre, will exhort the members of the circle to put more welly into it and sing and clap more vigorously, the same way as his or her karate counterpart would to keep the fire going, so to speak.

One could indeed claim that the magic of capoeira is in the music. When I decided to give it a try, I didn't take it seriously as a martial art and only felt some mild curiosity about it but as soon as the music suddenly started playing over the gym speakers at the beginning of my first class, I was just like "Wow, I want a piece of that!!" It was Mestre Acordeon's
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and I was instantly hooked. I still get goosebumps whenever I hear that song, and I've never even liked Latin American music much.

A single song made me practise 3-4 times a week for over ten years, how's that for a magical feat? It got me out of my rut as a jaded hardbitten karate warhorse (though I continued to go to the dojo at least once a week) and made me join those Brazilian musical + martial parties instead. I'll be forever grateful to
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, his silky voice, his
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and his musicians for putting back zest and spice into my life, another thing that martial arts energy and music are capable of achieving - always provided you're able to pry yourself loose from all those screens in your spare time and are not afraid to work up some old-fashioned honest sweat.
 

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Kime meets Axé - Benji

I've only ever once met a guy sharing the same passion for both capoeira and karate, and that's Benji, the owner of a martial arts school and an incredible bundle of energy, a born showman with an infectious smile and a devil on the atabaque (a tall drum similar to a conga). He's a 6th degree black belt in karate, a 2nd degree professor in capoeira and an expert in other hard martial martial arts such as muay thai and BJJ as well as in Taiji and Qi Gong, which may sound intimidating at first but then Benji is such a charismatic entertainer and all-around fun guy that you soon forget about his formidable range of skills.

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I first met him at a karate summer camp that was held in a small town every year. The first couple of times I attended it was all about karate and nothing else but in the subsequent years the camp grew and grew, with the number of particpants finally reaching over 700 in the last year before Covid. Each year new classes including bo (stick fighting), qi gong, taiji, tae bo, shiatsu as well as
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(pressure point manipulation) would be added to the camp's schedule. Eventually capoeira became part of the summer camp menu as well, and I would be in seventh martial arts heaven each July.

What was so great about these summer camps was their relaxed yet carnivalesque atmosphere. You had lawn chairs spread all over the grounds, a large tent offering home-cooked food, and the town's public swimming pool was just around the corner (admission was included in the summer camp pass).

In contrast to the camp's karate classes which were neatly subdivided by grade, all capoeira classes would start at a beginner level, and in true capoeira fashion they featured a hotchpotch of basic techniques mixed with advanced sequences, jump kicks, acrobatics as well as music training and singing in a chaotic yet delightful jumble, all led by Benji in his inimitable style, which is very much what your very first capoeira class is likely to be like as opposed to the rigidly structured karate classes for beginners where you do nothing else but practise one kick, a one punch, four blocks and a single kata for the first few months.

So how did karate kime and capoeira axé mix? Very badly, I'm afraid, or rather not at all; they were like oil and water. For Benji and me it was easy: untie the belts, shrug off the sweaty karate gis, don the capoeira outfits, wind the coloured cordas around the waist, karateka-into-capoeirista transformation complete. However, many of the other summer camp participants who were curious about that 'Brazilian tomfoolery', as one guy put it, would arrive fresh from other classes still in their karate gear, so it was quite easy to observe that the higher their belt degrees, the clumsier and stiffer participants looked when trying to learn the rudiments of capoeira, with the yellow belts picking up the elegantly flowing capoeira moves relatively quickly while all the black belts turned out to absolutely hopeless spastic robots. Apart from the unfamiliar techniques, it was partly karate kime energy that was to blame. Karatekas are used to fimly standing their ground like a rock, blocking any attack that may come their way aggressively and without fliching, and I guess over time they tend to become totally unable to duck blows even when it would make good sense, e.g. against a hook or roundhouse kick to the head. What's more, I don't think advanced karatekas were able to appreciate the rather radical notion that physical violence can also be turned into boisterous good fun accompanied by music and songs; it just doesn't compute in an orthodox practitioner's mind.

Very simply put, karate is all about ending fights quickly by brute force while capoeira is basically about playing cat and mouse with your partner and having fun. Karate is unequivocally violent, capoeira is playful while also ambivalent - brutality is always an option whenever street rodas escalate; on some historical videos you can even see old Brazilian angoleros patting each other down for hidden knives before beginning a game.

Energy-wise, you could claim that karate is more martial than it is an art and capoeira more an art than it is martial. Which sounds like a really cool insight suggesting harmony and balance but it should have become obvious by now that there is no polarity whatsoever between the two (personally I'm not fond of thinking in polarities anyway). The energies of various martial arts don't really match and mostly are completely different. Sometimes it's a case of apples and oranges, other times it's more like melons and harpsichords, and the latter comparison describes the relationship between karate kime and capoeira axé quite aptly in my opinion.
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Taking part in a karate camp means training up to six hours a day when you'd normally do six hours in an entire week - with expectable results becausee when it ends, you'll drive home totally exhausted, completely sore all over but also very happy.
 
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The Hara

If you really want to know about
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, I recommend going to annas-archive.org and downloading
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The book is a bit dated and NewAgeish but contains some interesting observations such as this one:

I remember a large reception, the guests European and Japanese, stood around after dinner drinking coffee and smoking. A Japanese friend of mine who knew of my interest in the ways of his country joined me and said, “Do you see that the Europeans standing here could be easily toppled over if one were suddenly to give them a little push from behind? But none of the Japanese would lose their balance even if they were given a much harder push.”

People untrained in hard martial arts as well as beginners in karate will typically elevate their hara when frightened (and are thus quite easy to throw); on the other hand, you always know in an escalating dispute you're dealing with a fighter when the guy, instead of standing on his tiptoes and puffing up his chest, quietly starts lowering his centre of gravity. Not to sound xenophobic but e.g.
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sensei, the headliner of those summer camps mentioned in the previous post, positively waddled around the sports grounds with a beatific smile in his flipflops, something I've observed also in other Japanese karate masters. Dürckheim mentions somewhere that the Japanese won't take you seriously or even suspect you of lying if talking with a thin head voice instead of from deep down in your belly, and that's where you probably get all that clichéd gruff barking in old samurai movies from.

In grappling the hara is of crucial importance. When you succeed in bringing your hara, your centre of gravity, beneath your opponent's, throwing or taking him or her down becomes child's play. Throws, takedowns, and sweeps are legal both in karate pointfighting and capoeira; I've always found the capoeira vingativa (vengeance or payback takedown) particularly mean because it makes falling so difficult to break. It's a clear demonstration though how lowering your hara is essential whenever attempting a throw.

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[Note: I've decided to select this particular video because it shows the
vingativa applied after a few queixadas (inside-outside crescent kicks) because your capoeira partner won't stand still until you've gotten around to taking him or her down]

Here is another example of hara in action: feinting. You can weave your hands about in the most mysterious patterns all you want, the other guy will only take your antics seriously when backed by a stout hara. There was this scene in a Jackie Chan documentary where he chewed out his movie opponent (who was more than two heads taller than him and clearly came from a full-contact fighting background) for threating him with his body while attacking: "Don't threaten me with your body or I'll get scared and forget my next moves!" Five takes in, and the poor guy still couldn't help himself, continuing pressuring Jackie like he would have in the ring; you could see the action star becoming increasingly frustrated and pissed. It was an excellent demonstration of powerful hara in practise. However, it also means that all those fancy kungfu movie choreographies can only work if both actors exclusively throw 'arm punches' as boxers call them, i.e. punches that only come from the arms unsupported by the much greater power of the entire body.

The first punch you learn in karate is the oi-zuki (stepping lunge punch), and if you stick with karate long enough you'll keep perfecting it while stomping up and down your dojo for years and decades to come. Yes, it's not very practical, yes, it takes much too long for self-defense purposes but that's not the point of practising it over and over again. Apart from other benefits like strength and whole-body coordination, it's about the offensive deployment of your hara by thrusting it vigorously forward with every punch. Without tensing your lower abdomen at the moment of impact, your body will simply collapse forward and your head straight into your opponent's rising knee if he knows what he's doing, providing no support whatsoever for your striking fist; without hara, it's not just an arm punch, a damp squib.

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(Note: A karate gi will only make that cool snapping sound whenever you punch if it's thick and rigid from ironing; punches thrown when wearing thin lightweight ones - e.g. like they are use it point-fighting - will remain completely silent; it can be a bit of a show-off thing)


A more subtle mistake is when beginners will tilt their pelvis slightly backward rather than upward and forward. Again there is insufficient support for their punches and even if they're just punching air, their steps and zenkutsu dachi (long forward stance) will be unstable and look just wrong to the experienced eye even though their bodies are hidden under their karate uniforms. Perhaps you've sometimes noticed how people that are scared or embarrassed will always tilt their pelvis back as if shielding their genitals; just watch how two friends - who are not lovers - give each other a welcoming hug: their butts will invariably stick out behind their backs like a duck's as if they were scared that their pelvisses might accidentally touch. You can also observe this phenomenon in regular conversations: self-assured and dominant persons will always keep their pelvis slightly angled upward and forward, it's body language 101 (don't overdo it though or you'll come on like a perv ;)).


karate-schlag-wow-zuki.jpg



The whole idea of the oi-zuki (stepping lunge punch), the quintessential shotokan karate technique, is to put your whole body behind your striking fist, with your hara acting as the lynchpin. Simply imagine the guy in the drawing above pressing his fist against a wall, tilting his pelvis backwards while at the same time relaxing his stomach muscles, and it's kiss-the-rising-knee time again. Now take away that wall, and the same thing will happen all over again because withouth the hara, the whole structure of your body won't be self-supporting. It's the reason why the stepping lunge punch is practised ad nauseam in karate because it embodies all the basic principles regarding efficacy and whole-body coordination required by this martial art.

Want to develop your hara? Do crunches every day. I'm serious. Crunches. However, always be sure to follow them by back exercises like the plank and by stretching all muscles involved, otherwise you might get back problems in the long run (AND walk like a neanderthal the next day if you overdo it ;)).
 

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I have noticed that prolonged training has led me to walk a bit lower in gravity so that I have more weigh downwards, instead of tiptoing. Just practice that made me go like that. I am also always prepared to defend if needed, from any position anywhere I move.

This is one of my favorite journals here, keep on the good work :)
 

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In Defense of Point-Fighting

Modern karate point-fighting (jiyu kumite) is totally unappreciated by lay audiences and uniformly scorned full-contact martial artists. It's not real fighting, they say, and call it 'sissies in white pajamas playing tag' because all punches and kicks to the head must be pulled, and whoever is first on target with a correct technique gets awarded a point while the fight is interrupted by the referee in charge. I don't completely disagree but you must not forget this fight format is all about speed and good karate technique, not hiding behind those huge gloves and pummeling each other silly any old way.

Point-fighting isn't real fighting? Define 'real'. In one of his books,
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, a former motorcycle gang member, bouncer and bodyguard, differentiates between 'fights' and 'combat'. Fights (and that also includes street fights!) are about various beefs (incl. 'honour', 'respect', or some other flimsy pretenses), dominance and rank within group hierarchies, etc. and not about life and death. And, surprise, surprise, they follow rules as well. Marc describes how he once got into a brawl in a Texas bar, simply kicked the other guy in the groin and subsequently barely escaped the wrath of the other bar patrons accusing him of unfair fighting and unmanliness. Combat, on the other hand, is about desperately battling for your life or avoiding being seriously maimed, where anything goes and where anything hard or sharp at hand should be used as a weapon. According to MacYoung, fights against an armed attacker or multiple opponents should always be regarded as combat, and the same applies to women faced with a male aggressor.

The most extreme fighting format ever was the
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in the Olympic Games of ancient Greece which was as 'no holds barred' as you get: groin kicks were allowed, and in contests held in Sparta even eye pokes and biting were legal. However, even those competitions that sometimes resulted in fatalities had referees armed with rods to stop contests whenever a fighter would tap out. Want to design a novel self-defense combat system? Check out the
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and include every single technique that's considered a foul there. All fight competitions have rules, and every competitor will train to become most effective within the limits set by the rules of a given fighting format. When karate point-fighting champion Rafael Aghayev who was also a black belt in judo burst first burst onto the jiyu kumite scene, for example, throwing opponents right and left and then finishing them off with a punch to the head or body (for which the maximum of three points is awarded), the World Karate Federation introduced a new rule according to which only one hand could be used for throws, thus hoping to 'defang' him, so Aghayev began to practise in line with this new rule and soon threw opponents left and right with one hand only.

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(I've decided to post highlight reel at this point because actual
jiyu kumite matches can be boring if you're not a karateka yourself and don't know all those complex arcane rules and refereeing practices)

One argument that speaks in favour of karate point-fighting as opposed to 'realistic' self-defense systems like krav maga is that the latter are based on practising previously agreed sequences where partners will always politely cooperate and refrain from attacking with full force in earnest. In karate point-fighting, however, you never know what's going to happen next, and you really have to gather enough sparring experience before you can hope to become successful because when you're still green, you'll be much to tense with performance anxiety and fall for the most obvious feints - one coach of mine estimated that you'll lose up to 80% of your capabilities in your first ever match due to sheer nervousness. On the plus side, however, you are faced with real attacks (granted, under very safe and sanitized conditions!) where your opponents will really want to get through your defenses with all their might and won't go easy on you until you finally and hopefully get it right.

To give you an idea how competion fighting differs from the movies, imagine it's your first tournament. Your brand-new mouthpiece doesn't fit and obstructs your breathing, and the hard plastic cup protecting your groin slowly begins to itch and chafe as it always does during sparring sessions in your dojo. You're finally called to Mat No. 5 where the corner judges and the referee (who are all karate instructors and dojo bosses twice your age who have seen it all) have already dealt with a much too long parade of fighters through their long tiring day. Kiais (fighting shouts) and whistles (used by judges in kata competitions) can be heard all over the place, every five minutes the venue's PA blares "Would Mr. So-and-So please come to Mat No. 2!", "Would the competitors from Romania please come to Mat No. 4!", or some other annoying organisational announcement. You bow to the referee, then to your opponent. The referee barks "Hajime!" ("Fight!"), and the match begins. First comes the usual feeling-out phase consisting of feinting and repositioning when you suddenly spot an opening, attack with a combo consisting of a lunged straight right(gyaku zuki chudan) thrown as a faint to the midsection to get into your opponent's range and then scoring with a picture-perfect short left (kizame zuki chodan) to the chin for which you can rightly expect to be awarded one point. The other guy, clearly scared and on the back foot now, attempts a half-hearted roundhouse kick to your head (mawashi geri) with his front leg which you effortlessly block.

The fight is interrupted and the customary point-haggling begins. The referee is undecided, so she asks the four corner judges. Judge A votes for you, Judge B for your opponent, Judge C signals that he was unable to see anything because the referee was in the way, Judge D is still drowsy from lunch and wasn't paying attention. The referee looks puzzled for a moment and then awards your opponent three points for his ridiculously weak roundhouse kick to the head that wasn't even on target (note: the competitor who has scored eight points first wins the bout). Tough luck.

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(Former UFC champion Lyoto Machida comes from an orthodox shotokan karate background; his father is a 6th degree black belt and has his own dojo. What Lyoto uses here is not something out of the "Karate Kid" movie but a
mae tobi geri, a double front-snap jump kick occurring at the end of kanku dai kata)

In fight situations actual thoughts about kime, 'hard' ki and hara are neither helpful nor relevant. You won't have a single moment to spare to reflect on any supposed martial arts energies and how to specifically apply them against your opponent because there is too much going on right in front of you while your consciousness is completely envelopped in the drama of the match anyway. Whether it's on the mat, the streets, in the ring or in the octagon, a certain state of mind is required that has got nothing to do with the exaggerated drama of movie showdowns or the near-hysterical gushings of sports commentators. Rather, it's a kind of zone that is related to the empty mind of zen (mushin) but not in the way of the monkish serenity usually associated with it.

I'll try to describe that fighters' zen-ish zone as good as I can in my next post. It's very much like mushin but not quite, and I'll probably include something about Takuan Sōhō on swordsmanship, always provided I'll be able to make sense of his teachings (his
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has been collecting dust somewhere in my bookcase for ages).
 

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Jiyu Kumite and Zen (Pt. 1

I don't think many young karate competitors read much about zen buddhism, and if they do, it's doubtful if they take such books seriously or are capable of applying their tenets to their martial art. However, in some respects fighting is easier than empty-mind meditation where you're constantly in danger of losing your meditation object, be it the breath, your hara or your nose (Culadasa's preferred method) because it's right in front of you all the time: your opponent. In martial arts competitions, whether it's kata, point-fighting or full contact, you are learning by doing and will unknowingly apply various zen doctrines because they're so obvious and come so naturally once you've had a bit of success on the tournament circuit. In this way you're acquiring empirical knowledge that also happens to match the insights of zen without even trying.

Buddhism is wary of passions, and they have no place on the competion mat either. Both fear and anger will make you tense, cloud your judgement and impair your performance; you can never 'overcome' them by glorious feats of will and self-discipline - you'll simply lose until finally and hopefully your competition style changes by itself, it's as simple as that. During my first dojo sparring sessions, I was so nervous that I'd always get sick to my stomach at about half a minute in until one day I eventually stopped feeling sick. I didn't sit at home endlessly repeating zen-inspired affirmations like "My mind is like a tranquil pond reflecting the moon" in a futile attempt to dispel my sparring nerves; it never works for such practical ends.

The same goes for unjust referee decisions: in your first few bouts they may make you furious (those pesky passions again!) but over time you'll get used to them or sometimes be even forced to admit the referee was right all along once you've watched the fight video. Elation whenever you're awarded a point, disappointment whenever your opponent scores, anxiety, rage, humiliation, and as a result of this involuntary emotional rollercoaster ride, those passions will sap your strength and make you forget all you've ever learned in the dojo.

Once the slow hard grinder of gaining mat experience is partway finished with you, a curious thing happens: both the ego and conceptual thinking vanish, there's barely any sense of 'you' left in your mind during matches. You don't 'decide' to attack, your attack will simply occur at just the right moment if you're lucky. Is it more advantageous to be calm while fighting, or is aggressiveness the better choice? Neither. Mushin (no-mind) is best, or put in another way: the best attitude is to have none.

"The mind must always be in the state of 'flowing,' for when it stops anywhere that means the flow is interrupted and it is this interruption that is injurious to the well-being of the mind. In the case of the swordsman, it means death. When the swordsman stands against his opponent, he is not to think of the opponent, nor of himself, nor of his enemy's sword movements. He just stands there with his sword which, forgetful of all technique, is ready only to follow the dictates of the subconscious. The man has effaced himself as the wielder of the sword. When he strikes, it is not the man but the sword in the hand of the man's subconscious that strikes."
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(1573 - 1645)

Wise words indeed. Due to mainstream karate's point-fighting format you may have to win five or six matches in order to make it even out of the elimination rounds of your pool and reach the seminfinals and finals, so you can't afford getting all excited and emotional during these rounds because then you'll just burn yourself out and get wearier and weaker with every fight. Whenever you watch champions, you can easily see how they would take even the weakest opponents seriously although they instantaneously know they'll be easy prey as soon as they enter the mat rectangle. Experienced fighters unfailingly deal with them ruthlessly, efficiently and at the same time strangely clinically as if to say, "Nothing personal, man, it's just business." Emotionally charged concepts like 'respect', 'pride', or 'honour' don't come into it. To be sure, excellent fighters will bulldoze through these walkovers as if wanting to tear their heads off but it never appears to be personal. I've mentioned it before:
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(fighting spirit) is stone-cold impersonal fierceness, as abstract and ego-less as emotions can get.

In short, you experience zen truths and near-
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at first hand without even having to spend a minute on meditation which is what makes point-fighting so rewarding - you react a state of no-mind which non-fighters have to labour for by diligently practising zazen every. I don't think it's any different in full-contact sports like boxing or MMA, for all those real or alleged beefs between fighters being hyped up in the media before fights. Fighters may attempt to get into each others head by taunting and threatening posturing but otherwise, they just do their job like the professionals they are and must know better than to behave like pompous asses as soon as the gong sounds for the first round.

Maybe that's the key to all transmutations of emotional energy that can be exploited for magical purposes - arouse lust, hate, anger, joy, whatever but be sure to always leave out the ego so that e.g. you're not angry with somebody or direct your hate at anybody but instead eliminate anything personal from the equation and endeavour to distill pure impersonal anger or hate from those raging passions. Easier said than done, I suppose.

And now for some brief entertainment: the rarely seen scorpion kick, probably inspired by action movie stars like Cynthia Rothrock or a rather obvious technique in close-quarter jiyu kumite situations like this one, depends how you look at it:

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Oh well… I can already see there's going to be a second part to this, once again featuring zen monk Takuan Sōhō trying to teach seasoned sword-fighting masters how to suck eggs in his "The Unfettered Mind" ;) (direct download
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)
 

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Jiyu Kumite and Zen (Pt. 2)

There was this guy in a dojo I went to for some years who over time developed from a rather dim-witted shy and obnoxious teenager who hated college students into an excellent young point-fighter on an international level who hated college students even more. Now guess who was a college student at that time? Right. At first he was about my height but then he grew and grew to more than a head taller than me, trained hard and put on enough muscle to bully me each time we were sparring, which we always did for 20 - 30 minutes as awarm-up. 'Bully' is perhaps too strong a word. Apart from 'hot ears' as we called the effects of back fists (uraken uchis) to the side of my head back then as well as big whomping roundhouse kicks to my back, he never really hurt me and always pulled his punches as per the point-fighting rules, so it was more a case of the perceived humiliation that got to me, but while the dojo's other top fighters usually went easy on me and often took the time to teach me new things, that guy was on a war footing all the time as if competing for the world championships, literally wiping the floor with me with his perfectly timed foot sweeps, always with a laser-sharp professional focus and that chilly impersonal ferocity I've described in my last post. I never stood a chance, and what was most intimidating apart from his size and his inhuman fighting spirit was that his face would always become a bit rubbery and slightly moronic with a drooping lower lip as soon as we started sparring. This was when I picked up the habit of never looking straight into my opponents' eyes and at their chests instead; some guys are capable of doing weird things with their faces and eyes. What, unmanly? Fuck that shit!

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If one puts his mind in the action of his opponent’s body, his mind will be taken by the action of his opponent’s body.


If he puts his mind in his opponent’s sword, his mind will be taken by that sword.

If he puts his mind in thoughts of his opponent’s intention to strike him, his mind will be taken by thoughts of his opponent’s intention to strike him.

If he puts his mind in his own sword, his mind will be taken by his own sword. If he puts his mind in his own intention of not being struck, his mind will be taken by his intention of not being struck.


If he puts his mind in the other man’s stance, his mind will be taken by the other man’s stance.

What this means is that there is no place to put the mind. A certain person once said, “No matter where I put my mind, my intentions are held in check in the place where my mind goes, and I lose to my opponent. Because of that, I place my mind just below my navel and do not let it wander. Thus am I able to change according to the actions of my opponent.”
(Takuan Sōhō,
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)

I've copypasta'd these lines from an aikido site although those guys with their pre-arranged polite attacks and nicely cooperating partners will NEVER understand the quote above because they won't ever experience what Takuan means in chaotic fight situations, no matter how much they may worship at the altar of ki and hara. All fights (and that goes for capoeira games as well!) are completely unpredictable even when you have years of experience under your belt.

For example, you may notice that your opponent almost imperceptibly shifts his weight to his back leg and slightly raises his front shoulder, so you can reasonably expect a roundhouse or a hook kick to the head executed with his front leg. However, it could also be a feint masking a subsequent punch combo, be meant as a provocation inviting a premature and badly prepared attack from you which he then will counter at his leisure, just a prelude to subsequent repositioning and regrouping, or nothing but a sign of youthful exuberance or nervousness. Before a capoeira game I would often think, "This time I'll try this or that sequence, or react to this or that kick in this or that way"; it never worked, not even in slow games, because the circumstances eventually emerging would be completely different from anything I had anticipated. Analogously to Takuan's teaching, your mind should never be fixated on your opponent's face, eyes, chest, guard, front shoulder, stance & weight distribution, fear of a superior opponent, your eagerness to score or anything else because if your mind gets stuck there, you won't be able to see the forest for the trees.

Speaking of forests, in this UFC fight Forrest Griffin's
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was terminally cut short at 1:26 because you didn't just run at Anderson Silva in his prime; Forrest was always such a passionate fighter…

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Even more Zen and Ki in Karate

In one of my previous posts, I claimed that 'hard' ki was nothing but brawn, raw muscle power, and speed (I'll ditch the inverted commas and qualifier from now on and simply write ki instead of 'hard' ki). Now I'm slowly beginning to change my mind. After all, you can build muscle by lifting weights in a gym; you can gain speed by playing just about any sport, but it's not ki you're acquiring through these activities. I think there's an additional mental component involved that makes the crucial difference.

Practicing stepping lunge punches (oi zukis) over and over again is very much a ritual act in shotokan karate, no matter if you're a beginner, an up-and-coming fighter, or a veteran of the art. When performing this punch, you're often told to fix your gaze at a distant point on the opposite wall, in contrast to the free-floating near-mushin (no-mind) awareness of zen in jiyu kumite (point-fighting) I discussed in my previous post. While performing basic techniques, your awareness should always be single-pointedly aimed in front of you while at the same time constantly scrutinizing your own movements for incorrect technique, which basically amounts to tunnel vision when compared with the zen ideal of no-mind. If you're focussing really hard on a single point in the distance while practising, nothing and nobody else outside you and your struggle with your own body and mind exists. However, it's not an inferior state of consciousness that must be overcome in order to reach the unfettered
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ideal of infinite awareness as some assume. On the contrary: the stronger your focus while performing these simple techniques is, the stronger and more resilient your fighting spirit (
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) will later become; you're building ki by means of these basic exercises, in short.

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(Meanwhile in Snoresville… a typical advanced class where nonetheless the basics are practiced over and over again)


Basic training as well as kata practice are more about the ability to generate ki energy instantaneously whenever it's needed rather than accumulating it and storing it up for a rainy day. A good karate class will exhaust you - you may be feel content afterwards, even happy, but you'll be tired and sore all the same, not 'newly energized'; recharging your batteries only happens during the recovery phase leading up to what's known as
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'.

Gichin Funakoshi, the father of modern shotokan karate, once said: "First strive to tame your spirit, then liberate it." And that's just what happens when karatekas practice basic techniques (kihon) as well as pre-arranged partner exercises for years and years - your unruly spirit becomes tamed and focussed until you have the required fortitude and strength for free sparring, point-fighting, and effective self-defence. There can be no ki without correct technique, ask any taiji expert. Having incorrect technique means that your obstinately clumsy body will sabotage all your hard effforts in class while precious ki gets lost. This applies in particular to wobbly stances that will buckle under your very own air punches because all the kinetic energy produced by your arms will become dispersed due to the lack of a sound foundation. The
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kata mentioned above is so awkward to perform because it's mainly about acquiring a rock-solid horse stance (kiba dachi) while you perform all sorts of punches and blocks - and your knees mustn't move an inch (ok, ideally :rolleyes:).

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Chinte, that shotokan kata with the finger stabs to the eye (1:47 if you don't believe me) and the hilarious bunny hops at the end :p


In my opinion, true mushin (empty mind) is only ever demonstrated in karate when practicing katas, and then only just before performing the first move. Imagine it's an ordinary day in your life with nothing special happening. Your mind is neither focussed nor distracted, your awareness passively takes in all 360° of your surroundings when suddenly… some katas begin with an explosive movement, others with slow gestures (some joke they're meant to teach secret techniques in slow-mo so dummies will understand ;)) followed by a fast technique but no matter - here is where kime (and thus ki) come into play, and not a moment sooner. After all, you don't strut around pumped up with ki all day long, suspiciously scanning each and every shadow and dark corner for hidden perils; after all, who'd want to walk through life like that? At this point I'd really like to recommend taking a stroll sometimes while simultaneously attempting to maintain an empty mind, it can be highly instructive. Anyway, mushin is the state of mind a karateka should be in ideally in daily life. NOT necessarily calm and peaceful, NOT necessarily in a state of heightened awareness, NOT necessarily impassive but alert, in fact, not in ANY particular state of mind at all. One moment is as good as the next, all moments in life just are, so leave them alone.

In my opinion, the goal of all initial kata moves is to eliminate that initial moment of shock that will slow down your reaction when abruptly confronted with danger. Imagine you're driving down a deserted country road, the sun is shining, you have the radio on, everything is just fine when suddenly past a bend, a huge lumber truck is blocking the road. What typically goes on in anybody's mind is "Oh no, oh my god, that can't be happening to me, oh shit oh shit, oh shit!!" before eventually recovering enough to apply the brakes. Using this example, no "Oh shit!!" moment of shock whatsoever should ever happen to a good karateka, always provided his or her mind is in mushin mode where there are no surprises, just one instant after the other. You simply block the attack of a total stranger without thinking and then counterattack with full force and kime like you've practiced a thousand times in the dojo before. Just take care of business and then get on with your life as before. Just another moment like the last one and the one before. Nothing special.

I do think the untrained conscious mind is prone to hampering the body in its movement and thus obstruct the natural flow of ki. Your mind makes you freeze in any fight-or-flight reaction, and this is precisely the moment of indecision you'll want to avoid in emergencies. Ki coupled with decisiveness and fighting spirit, that's the martial arts way.
 
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